起因:今天在跟同事做项目连调时候,在https响应时,发生了SSL异常错误,很奇怪的是其他人都正常,于是google一把找到答案
一.错误原因
当Java客户端请求实现https协议的服务时,出现异常:’unable to find valid certification path to requested target’
是因为服务期端的证书没有被认证,需要做的是把服务端证书导入到Java keystore。
Java在访问SSL加密的网站时,需要从JDK的KeyStore 里面去查找相对应得可信证书,如果不能从默认或者指定的KeyStore 中找到可信证书,就会报这个错误。另外,Java所使用的证书仓库并不是Windows系统自带的证书管理。所以即使系统中包含此证书也不可以使用。
二.解决方案
只要将SSL的证书添加到KeyStore中即可,以下是两种解决方案。
1.借助Keytool导入证书
下载你所访问的SSL站点的证书, 执行以下命令导入(进入到JAVA JDK下的jre\lib\security目录)
keytool -import -file /data/test1.cer -keystore cacerts -alias server
接下来 会提示输入密码,默认密码为 changeit,输入之后,选择“是”将其安装到JDK 可信证书库中。如果看到以下结果,则导入成功。
2.使用程序导入证书
package com.shanhy.caogen; /* * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * - Neither the name of Sun Microsystems nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived * from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ import java.io.*; import java.net.URL; import java.security.*; import java.security.cert.*; import javax.net.ssl.*; /** * 安装证书 */ public class InstallCert { // 我们要访问的HTTPS服务,如访问 https://www.shanhy.com public static final String hostName = "www.shanhy.com"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { args = new String[]{hostName}; String host; int port; char[] passphrase; if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) { String[] c = args[0].split(":"); host = c[0]; port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]); String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1]; passphrase = p.toCharArray(); } else { System.out.println("Usage: java InstallCert <host>[:port] [passphrase]"); return; } File file = new File("jssecacerts"); if (file.isFile() == false) { char SEP = File.separatorChar; File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP + "lib" + SEP + "security"); file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts"); if (file.isFile() == false) { file = new File(dir, "cacerts"); } } System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "..."); InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file); KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); ks.load(in, passphrase); in.close(); SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm()); tmf.init(ks); X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf.getTrustManagers()[0]; SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager); context.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null); SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory(); System.out.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "..."); SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port); socket.setSoTimeout(10000); try { System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake..."); socket.startHandshake(); socket.close(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted"); } catch (SSLException e) { System.out.println(); e.printStackTrace(System.out); } X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain; if (chain == null) { System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain"); return; } BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):"); System.out.println(); MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1"); MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) { X509Certificate cert = chain[i]; System.out.println(" " + (i + 1) + " Subject " + cert.getSubjectDN()); System.out.println(" Issuer " + cert.getIssuerDN()); sha1.update(cert.getEncoded()); System.out.println(" sha1 " + toHexString(sha1.digest())); md5.update(cert.getEncoded()); System.out.println(" md5 " + toHexString(md5.digest())); System.out.println(); } System.out.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]"); String line = reader.readLine().trim(); int k; try { k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1; } catch (NumberFormatException e) { System.out.println("KeyStore not changed"); return; } X509Certificate cert = chain[k]; String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1); ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts"); ks.store(out, passphrase); out.close(); System.out.println(); System.out.println(cert); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '" + alias + "'"); } private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray(); private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3); for (int b : bytes) { b &= 0xff; sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]); sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]); sb.append(' '); } return sb.toString(); } private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager { private final X509TrustManager tm; private X509Certificate[] chain; SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) { this.tm = tm; } public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { this.chain = chain; tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType); } } }
该类为包含main方法的入口类,直接运行即可。
在出现提示后,输入1后回车完成(如果你要放弃并退出输入q即可)。
执行完毕后,在执行该类的当然目录中找到生成的 jssecacerts 文件,然后拷贝该文件到JDK中,如我的是放到:……\jdk1.8.0_60\jre\lib\security 中。
最后再使用之前的Java代码请求HTTPS接口,就不会出现错误了。
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